logo

49 pages 1 hour read

Frank J. Webb

The Garies and Their Friends

Frank J. WebbFiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1857

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 13-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 13 Summary: “Hopes Consummated”

Even though Emily goes by Mrs. Garie, she and Mr. Garie are not officially married, as it is illegal in Georgia. Now that they are in Pennsylvania, where it is legal, Mr. Garie writes to a clergyman named Dr. Blackly asking him to perform the ceremony. Mrs. Garie is delighted with the news. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis agree to be the witnesses. However, on the day of the ceremony, Dr. Blackly is dismayed to discover that Mrs. Garie is Black and refuses to perform the rites. They send for another minister, Father Banks, who marries the couple. That night, Mrs. Garie says that it is time to send Clarence to school (which was illegal in Georgia). They decide to send his sister, Emily, as well.

Chapter 14 Summary: “Charlie at Warmouth”

The servants at Mrs. Bird’s home in Warmouth are unhappy that she has brought a Black child to live there. A maid, Betsey, and the gardener, Alfred, refuse to eat with him, although another maid, Eliza, protests. They assume that Mrs. Bird has brought him there to do chores. The gardener tells Charlie to shine his shoes. Mrs. Bird is annoyed when she returns home and sees him shining the gardener’s shoes. She chastises the staff and pointedly eats breakfast with Charlie. Then, Mrs. Bird and Charlie go to see Mrs. Bird’s friend Mr. Whately. Mrs. Bird asks Mr. Whately for his help in getting Charlie enrolled in the local academy, which is more academically rigorous than the public school. He says that it is doubtful that it will be allowed, but he agrees to ask.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Mrs. Stevens Gains a Triumph”

Esther Ellis tells Mrs. Garie that Lizzy Stevens is dedicated to befriending Clarence and Emily Garie even though Mrs. Stevens forbids it. That evening, Mrs. Stevens tells her husband that she plans to take Lizzy out of school because of her proximity to the Garie children there. Mr. Stevens says that instead, she should get the other mothers to say that they will take their children out of the school if the Garie children are not expelled. The next day, Mrs. Stevens goes to Mrs. Kinney and then Mrs. Roth. She tells them that their children are going to school with Black children and tells them about her plan to get the Garies expelled. Then, she goes to see Miss Jordan, the teacher. Miss Jordan was unaware that Mrs. Garie is Black, and she is shocked when Mrs. Stevens tells her that the Garie children are biracial. Reluctantly, Miss Jordan agrees to expel Clarence and Emily from school that day.

Chapter 16 Summary: “Mr. Stevens Makes a Discovery”

Mr. Stevens tells his wife that his aunt Tabitha has died. Aunt Tabitha’s agent will be sending along some of the letters she wanted Mr. Stevens to have because he is not going to the funeral since he has a murder case to work on. Mr. Stevens is defending an Irishman named McCloskey who killed another man in a drunken bar fight. Stevens meets with McCloskey and tells him that a man named Whitticar saw him with the weapon used in the murder. Stevens says that McCloskey will have to raise $300-400 to buy off the witness. Later that day, Mr. Stevens reads Aunt Tabitha’s letters, which seem to upset him.

Later, Mr. Morton comes in. They discuss a scheme to instigate a mob to attack Black people on Tenth Street to drive them out and lower property values, buy the property, and then sell the property at higher prices once they have “re-establish[ed] order and quiet” (166). Then, Mr. Stevens asks Mr. Morton if he knows any of Mr. Garie’s relatives. Mr. Morton tells Mr. Stevens about Mr. Garie’s estranged aunt who married “an exceedingly low fellow from the North” (167). This upsets Mr. Stevens for some reason.

Mr. Stevens returns home. He learns that his daughter kissed Clarence Garie. She is reprimanded.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Plotting”

Mr. Stevens goes to see Whitticar. They agree that Mr. Stevens will pay $200 for Whitticar to leave town and not testify against McCloskey. Mr. Stevens also agrees to help Whitticar run for alderman, thinking to himself that if Whitticar wins the office, he will have an alderman over whom he has leverage through blackmail.

A few weeks later, Mr. Stevens meets with McCloskey, who he has been using to enact and organize the mob violence against Black people on Tenth Street after the murder charges were dismissed when Whitticar did not testify. Mr. Stevens tells McCloskey that he needs him to kill Mr. Garie for him or else Mr. Stevens will get Whitticar to testify and have the murder charges reinstated. McCloskey has no choice but to agree.

Chapter 18 Summary: “Mr. Stevens Falls Into Bad Hands”

Mr. Stevens goes to a used clothing store run by Kinch’s father while Kinch is minding the shop. He buys some used clothing. While changing into the new clothes, he accidentally drops a piece of paper upon which he had written his targets for the mob. Then, Mr. Stevens goes to Whitticar’s bar, where he finds the half-drunk mob waiting for him, although McCloskey has gone home, being too drunk. He cannot find his list and decides to call off the action for that evening. Walking home, he is beaten up by some thugs who mistake him for a member of a rival gang due to the used jacket he is wearing. They put tar on his face. Then, he runs into Mr. Morton with some of his friends. Mistaking him for a Black man, they force him to jump into water and smear lime on his face. Finally, Mr. Stevens is able to make himself known to Mr. Morton, who walks him home. Mrs. Stevens can only get some of the tar off Mr. Steven’s “swollen face” (193).

Chapters 13-18 Analysis

This section of The Garies and Their Friends further develops the theme of Racism and Discrimination in the Antebellum North, highlighting the many struggles the Black characters in Webb’s novel face despite the illusion of legality and societal progression. In Chapter 13, the minister Mr. Blackly refuses to officially marry Mr. and Mrs. Garie, even though such a marriage was legal in Pennsylvania from 1790, because he “believe[s] the negro race […] to be marked out by the hand of God for servitude” (137). This statement, naturally, outrages Mr. Garie, who states with irony, “I mistook you for a Christian minister” (137). Ultimately, they find Reverend Banks, who performs the ceremony, although he warns them that they are “entering upon a path which, to the most favoured, is full of disappointment, care, and anxieties” (138). This foreshadows the tragic deaths of the Garies in the forthcoming chapters. In the following chapter, Charlie is treated with contempt by the white staff of Mrs. Bird’s home during her absence. Although she rectifies the situation upon her return, their treatment of Charlie is exemplary of the anti-Black prejudice found in the North.

The motif of literacy in the context of this racism and discrimination is likewise highlighted in these chapters. Following their marriage, the Garies resolve to send their children to school, as it is legal to do so in Pennsylvania, while it was not in Georgia. However, as with the marriage ceremony, even though it is permissible under the letter of the law, individual prejudices prove to be a barrier to its realization. Clarence and Emily are sent to a white school run by Miss Jordan, who does not realize that they are biracial. Literacy here is a sign of upward mobility and access to opportunities. Racist white people, as shown by the antagonists of the Stevens family, do not want these opportunities open to Black Americans and organize to have Clarence and Emily expelled from the school.

In Chapter 18, Webb uses ironic humor in the scenes where Mr. Stevens has a series of mishaps. This is a form of moral comeuppance common in 19th-century novels wherein the antagonist suffers as a result of his dishonest, evil actions. First, Mr. Stevens is mistaken for a member of a rival firefighter gang due to the used jacket he picked up by chance at the clothing shop. In American cities in the mid-19th century, volunteer fire companies were paid by home and shop owners to put out fires. These fire companies acted as politically affiliated rival factions that brawled with rival companies for territorial rights (Caltrider, Mac. “These Early US Fire Departments Were Violent, Coercive Political Gangs.” Coffee or Die Magazine, 9 Feb. 2022). They beat Mr. Stevens and coat him with tar, causing him to be treated like a Black man—which is to say, cruelly and with ridicule—by Mr. Stevens’s peers. This is ironic because the pain that Mr. Stevens seeks to inflict on Black people is ultimately inflicted on him.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
Unlock IconUnlock all 49 pages of this Study Guide

Plus, gain access to 9,150+ more expert-written Study Guides.

Including features:

+ Mobile App
+ Printable PDF
+ Literary AI Tools