The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature

These combined lectures take an in-depth look at the functional outcomes of religious experience, or “fruits.” James admits that the examination of these outcomes may cast his subjects in a pathetic light, but it is imperative to remember these same outcomes have produced the greatest parts of human history: “The highest flights of charity, devotion, trust, patience, bravery to which the wings of human nature have spread themselves have been flown for religious ideals” (260). While religious revelations may not have their root in intellectualism, they create space for advancement.

Although there is consistency in the fruits of conversion, people exhibit these outcomes to varying degrees. One person may practice temperance after a religious conversion, while another may pursue radical self-discipline. James suggests that this variance is due to the diversity of individuals’ sensitivity to emotional stimulation. Humans are driven by their impulses and inhibitions, and the balance of the two keeps individuals at an emotional equilibrium.

The psychologist offers a straightforward example: An individual in a room of people will be cognizant of how he presents himself around others. He may sit up straight and constrain some of his behaviors. If everyone leaves the room, the man may then take a more relaxed attitude, allowing his impulses to overcome his inhibitions.